Volcanic Landforms

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Vocab: shield volcanoes-lava flows, gradually building a sloping mountain
cinder cone-a steep, cone-shaped hill or mountain
composite volcanoes-tall, cone-shaped hill or mountains
caldera-a volcanic mountain
volcanic neck-forms when magma hardens
dike-magma that is in thick layers
sill-when magma squeezes into thick layers
batholith-a mass of rock formed when magma cools down

Outline

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Land Forms from Lava and Ash

• lava
  • formed from rocks and materials
    • create a variety of land forms

Shield Volcanoes

• earth's surface
  • thin layers of lava
• vents
  • lava pours out
    • becomes shield volcanoes

Cinder Cone Volcanoes

• cinder-cone volcanoes
  • steep, cone-shaped hill
• Volcanoes
  • stiff
    • produces ash

Composite Volcanoes

• lava flows alternate
  • layers of ash
• composite volcanoes
  • Mount Fuji
  • Mount St. Hellens

Lava Plateaus

• eruptions
  • form high lava plateaus
• lava
  • floods of lava

Calderas

• volcano erupts
  • becomes hollow
    • collapse

Soils from Lava and Ash

• lava
  • breaks down into soil
    • soil develops
      • plants then grow

Landforms From Magma

• Magma
  • forces its way to cracks
    • magma then hardens into rock

Volcanic Necks, Dikes, and Sills

• volcanic necks
  • form when magma hardens
    • must harden in volcanoes pipe
• dikes
  • forms when magma forces itself across layers of rock
• sill
  • when magma squeezes between layers of rock
    • forms a sill

Batholiths

• large rock masses
  • called batholiths
    • formed when magma is cool in the crust

Dome Mountains

• small bodies of magma
  • form dome mountains
    • magma forces rock to bend